{"id":112,"date":"2023-11-15T15:22:47","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T08:22:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/?p=112"},"modified":"2023-11-18T12:20:59","modified_gmt":"2023-11-18T05:20:59","slug":"tai-sao-bo-gia-cua-ai-lai-lo-so-nhung-gi-ong-ay-da-xay-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/?p=112","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao “B\u1ed1 gi\u00e0” c\u1ee7a AI l\u1ea1i lo s\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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B\u1ea3n tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd AI – KamiMind<\/a>.<\/p>\nNgu\u1ed3n: Joshua Rothman, “Why The Godfather of AI Fears What He’s Built<\/a>“, The New Yorker, 13\/11\/2023.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n

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\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ”b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc” gi\u00fap em b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129!\u201d
Phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Kit Fraser, Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ef7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Geoffrey Hinton, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (A.I.). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. Trong suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, Hinton nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi Hinton v\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n, suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau – t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/summary>\n

The human brain is a complex network of neurons that constantly change and adapt with every action and thought. These networks, consisting of billions of neurons and trillions of connections, shape our knowledge and learning experiences. Geoffrey Hinton, a renowned computer scientist, has dedicated his career to studying neural networks and their potential for artificial intelligence (A.I.). Despite initial skepticism, Hinton persisted in his research and witnessed a significant improvement in neural-net technology in the past decade. Reflecting on the future of A.I., Hinton acknowledges the uncertainties and complexities involved. As Hinton and the author embark on a boat trip, contemplating the implications of A.I., they consider various perspectives \u2013 from the displacement of human exceptionalism to the risks and limitations of relying on machines. Ultimately, they contemplate the pursuit of knowledge and the consequences it may bring.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh – Vi\u1ec7t<\/summary>\n

Trong n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecdi suy ngh\u0129, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i: c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u1edd \u0111i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y\u2014v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 80 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1edf l\u00ean. H\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u00f2m sao c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong thi\u00ean h\u00e0, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geoffrey Hinton, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a AI\u201d, \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng. \u201cAnh s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 b\u0103ng qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ee3p b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t, b\u0103ng qua hai nh\u00e0 kho, r\u1ed3i \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u nh\u1ecf. \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t,\u201d Hinton c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trong tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3\/ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169 n\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n nghe v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1edbi Amsterdam th\u00ec ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi Vermeer. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00f4 ra V\u1ecbnh Georgian c\u1ee7a Ontario, v\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y t\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Huron. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc; Hinton \u0111\u00e3 mua c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, khi \u00f4ng 65 tu\u1ed5i, sau khi b\u00e1n c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho Google v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 44 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c con kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong n\u00e3o. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u2013 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, v.v. \u2013 n\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian. Hinton nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201cM\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb\u201d. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, khi xem K\u1ebb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng Skynet, AI h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong phim, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh; \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t vui khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 l\u00f5m nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 do nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra, t\u1ecfa ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Hinton, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao, m\u1ea3nh kh\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y g\u1eady ch\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong v\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m ra,\u201d anh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u2014m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0y m\u00f2 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. \u00d4ng tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, anh th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh g\u00f3a b\u1ee5a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i hai \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf. Trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, khi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean anh, anh ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 46,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean Internet, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, d\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e1i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a Hinton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 AI b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ChatGPT c\u1ee7a OpenAI v\u00e0 Bard c\u1ee7a Google, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, t\u00f4i \u0111i theo sau, t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1i n\u00e0y,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. Anh ta \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 to b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. C\u1eadu n\u00e9m c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u201d – anh ta n\u00e9m c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sang ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 – \u201cv\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tay v\u1ecbn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d T\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t anh \u1ea5y b\u00f2 t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng h\u01a1n, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01a1-ron c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 Hinton, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u201cthu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u201ctr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1\u201d th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1949, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u00ean Donald Hebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau\u201d. Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh trong n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi t\u00ednh h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 70, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01a1-ron v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 tay v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed3m v\u00e0i tr\u0103m n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sai s\u00f3t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Hinton, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u thang b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u. \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ra \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ng\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean,\u201d Hinton k\u1ec3 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb9p. Cha anh, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n cho anh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e1u l\u1ea1nh. Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eafn l\u1ee5c, r\u00f9a, \u1ebfch, c\u00f3c v\u00e0 th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n trong gara. Ng\u00e0y nay, khi Hinton \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o – anh \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u1ea5m \u00e1p h\u01a1n – \u0111\u00f4i khi anh \u1ea5y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1eafn v\u00e0 mang ch\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y sinh. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c phi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, Hinton r\u1eddi Google, n\u01a1i anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi mua l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a AI v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ChatGPT, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, anh \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb Fox News vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho anh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Hinton th\u00edch g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c e-mail\u2014sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Canada, anh \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, \u201cSnowden l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d\u2014v\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, anh \u1ea5y vi\u1ebft, “Fox News l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ngu ng\u1ed1c.” Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u00fac vui v\u1ebb, anh \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi ChatGPT li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho anh bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a anh ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Fox News l\u00e0 tin gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 khi anh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0111\u1ed3 ngu”, n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng Fox News g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ma t\u00fay OxyContin. Hinton r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong AI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng Hinton \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, bao g\u1ed3m Sam Altman, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a OpenAI, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi nghe m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a AI l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh,\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ee9ng trong b\u1ebfp. (Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111au l\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh; c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c ng\u1ed3i. Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2005.) \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00fang, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ‘t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh’\u2014nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t.\u201d Hinton cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn\u201d, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 GPT, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c chatbot c\u1ee7a OpenAI, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u201cT\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y phi\u1ec1n – ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.\u201d
Ho\u1ea1t h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Tom Chitty, Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a AI ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m: ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp thu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, trong khi ch\u00fang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd kho th\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3’ t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng Hinton l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi b\u1ea1n \u0103n, b\u1ea1n n\u1ea1p th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. \u201cV\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.\u201d \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 GPT s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129; vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. \u201cN\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con b\u01b0\u1edbm,\u201d anh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. \u201cTrong b\u00f4ng c\u00fac, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn con s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbm th\u00e0nh m\u00f3n s\u00fap \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00f3n s\u00fap n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con b\u01b0\u1edbm.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ee5c l\u1ecdi trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf ngay g\u1ea7n b\u1ebfp. \u201c\u00c0 h\u00e1!\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hoa m\u1ef9, anh ta \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u00ean qu\u1ea7y – m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u201cT\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n,\u201d anh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u201cN\u00f3 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi n\u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u01a1i c\u00e1nh n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.\u201d Hinton \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n ngay sau khi n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n; l\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n chui qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton n\u00f3i: \u201c\u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u201cV\u00e0, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ed9 phim ‘Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh’, con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n lao ra kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0ng con qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt. \u1ea4u tr\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u00fap v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u00fap.\u201d Trong ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho AI nhanh nh\u1eb9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb n\u00f3. H\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u2013 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 Hinton gi\u00fap \u0111i ti\u00ean phong \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00f4i c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n; Hinton \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi khi, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201cN\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p,\u201d anh n\u00f3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. \u201cV\u00e0 b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi Hinton m\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd anh ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng tr\u00f9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn, anh \u1ea5y g\u1eedi email cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh anh \u1ea5y ch\u1ee5p m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui m\u1eebng hay s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Hinton kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n – t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 hai m\u1eabu Anh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Hinton l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1edf Thung l\u0169ng Silicon. N\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 75 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh gi\u1ed1ng trong tranh c\u1ee7a Joshua Reynolds, v\u1edbi m\u00e1i t\u00f3c tr\u1eafng bao quanh v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng; \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft xanh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh, h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, anh \u1ea5y th\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u2014\u201c ‘Geoff’ l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a ‘ego fortissimo’,” anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i\u2014nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 cao t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i; cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i n\u00ean k\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n nghe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i,\u201d anh n\u00f3i trong l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong \u00eam \u0111\u1eb9p, hai k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong bi k\u1ecbch.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y v\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Joanne, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y k\u1ebft h\u00f4n s\u1edbm, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y, Rosalind v\u00e0 Jackie, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994 v\u00e0 2018. Trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m qua, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng Rosemary Gartner, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi,\u201d c\u00f4 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy l\u00fd l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ca n\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn duy nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t; anh v\u00e0 Jackie \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong khu r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 Jackie, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng ca n\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. Kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh ta c\u1ea5t con chu\u1ed3n chu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 sudoku v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. (Anh \u1ea5y hi\u1ebfm khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1edb cho ph\u00e9p anh \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1ea7u.) \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0m c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 nh\u00e9?\u201d anh \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ng\u00f3n tay\u2014anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng g\u00f5 ph\u00edm\u2014anh \u1ea5y nh\u1eadp \u201cc\u00e2y gia ph\u1ea3 Geoffrey Hinton\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n Return. Khi Google mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Hinton v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e2y gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean anh trong c\u00e2y gia ph\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u00fa Sebastian Hinton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c trong r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 anh h\u1ecd Joan Hinton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong D\u1ef1 \u00e1n Manhattan. Xa h\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc anh l\u00e0 Lucy Everest, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia; Charles Howard Hinton, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i Tesseract, c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda d\u1eabn v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong phim \u201cInterstellar\u201d); v\u00e0 James Hinton, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt tai \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a th\u00ea. (\u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb c\u1ee9u tinh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef,\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.) V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Hinton, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh George Boole, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng suy lu\u1eadn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 Boolean, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Boole \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Mary Everest, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a George Everest, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ec9nh Everest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yann LeCun, c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hinton, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh AI t\u1ea1i Meta, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cGeoff sinh ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Hinton c\u00f2n k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. Cha c\u1ee7a anh, Howard Everest Hinton, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Mexico trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Mexico, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1910, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c do cha anh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. \u201c\u00d4ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 m\u00ecnh: truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 12, Howard \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecda b\u1eafn hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean quy\u1ec1n anh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng tay, v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 coi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eddi th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Howard l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Berkeley, n\u01a1i anh theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, anh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u v\u00ec gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hinton n\u00f3i: \u201cAnh \u1ea5y \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Philippines, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1edf Berkeley\u201d. N\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Howard kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Stalin: v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, khi xe t\u0103ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Praha, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, \u201c\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac r\u1ed3i!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Hinton thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, cha anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m anh h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc; theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Howard, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh di truy\u1ec1n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n d\u1ebbo t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (\u201cT\u00f4i gh\u00e9t m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i khi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.) Howard, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bristol, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3u Indiana Jones: \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4n l\u1eadu nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Anh trong h\u00e0nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hinton, t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Everest, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn khi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Anh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i cha m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ed1, th\u00ec khi con gi\u00e0 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ed1, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Cambridge, Hinton th\u1eed s\u1ee9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o. Anh r\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft bu\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t \u1edf London, sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i th\u1eed s\u1ee9c v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, anh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Anh ta \u00e1m \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Bernard Williams, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u00f3c. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, Williams ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Hinton b\u1ecb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y; anh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh r\u1eb1ng k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong n\u00e3o \u201ctheo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ba chi\u1ec1u\u201d – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng ra, nh\u01b0ng theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i\u201d – m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u201csuy ngh\u0129\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9: Perceptron, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ti\u00ean phong t\u00ean l\u00e0 Frank Rosenblatt, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, Hinton \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ea1o, \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111i lui ph\u00eda sau qu\u1ea7y b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 quanh t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t. Anh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i k\u00ea m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n nh\u1ecf cho m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea9u. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y anh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. \u201cT\u00f4i lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7,\u201d anh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u0103m chi\u00eau trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0103n. \u201c\u1ede tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n khi l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e9p m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. V\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng – t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m vui nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay c\u1ee7a Hinton b\u1ecb k\u00eau. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi anh r\u1eddi Google, h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a anh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 AI. Anh thong th\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi v\u00e0 xem e-mail, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o r\u1eebng c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 sai c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNh\u00ecn n\u00e0y,\u201d anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u201d, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb Hinton \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c anh ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9n ngang \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201c\u00d4i tr\u1eddi,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i, th\u0103m d\u00f2. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y cu\u1ed9n xa h\u01a1n. \u201cAnh \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00ec anh \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, Hinton c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00edch b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eb7t: khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean xin vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd: \u201cNh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i cha m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1977, Hinton n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea1nh tranh. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, li\u1ec7u anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng, li\u1ec7u anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n anh \u1ea5y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Google Scholar, Hinton hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u1ebfu anh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u1ecb \u1edf Cambridge th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do anh \u1ea5y \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i. \u201cM\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh \u2013 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3,\u201d anh n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay l\u1ea1i. \u201cB\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf MIT B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Berkeley. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Stanford.\u201d C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi non tr\u1ebb. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u00f3c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTh\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau. \u201cCh\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y.\u201d Anh ta m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi nh\u00e9t trong qu\u1ea7n kaki v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u1eebng cho l\u1eafm; Tuy v\u1eady, anh v\u1eabn xoa hai tay v\u00e0o nhau. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, anh lu\u00f4n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh ng\u0103n n\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. R\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 Hinton thu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (ch\u1ea1y \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean d\u1ed1c, khi\u1ebfn s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda) khi\u1ebfn anh \u1ea5y v\u1eabn t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Trong ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm \u1edf t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u00f2ng t\u1eafm n\u00ean c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1n ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 phong \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f2i sen)\u201d. Trong t\u1ee7 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch, b\u0103ng d\u00ednh ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc k\u1ec7: \u201cKh\u00f4ng l\u00f3t k\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ec7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eefu \u00edch; n\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? Trong khi Hinton \u0111ang l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh, anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d trong n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1t c\u00e0 chua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cth\u1ee9c \u0103n\u201d, \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t\u201d, \u201cgia v\u1ecb\u201d, \u201cng\u1ecdt\u201d, \u201cv\u1ecb umami\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cc\u00e0 chua\u201d, \u201cM\u1ef9, \u201cKhoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean ki\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p,\u201d \u201cmayo\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f9 t\u1ea1t\u201d; c\u00f9ng nhau, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 treo m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u201cs\u1ed1t c\u00e0 chua\u201d. M\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c AI l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 t\u00ean Cyc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. (Chim bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t hay chim b\u1ecb h\u01b0 c\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c . . .)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng Hinton nghi ng\u1edd c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc. Anh bi\u1ebft trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh th\u00f4ng qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suy ngh\u0129 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng Hinton v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, James L. McClelland v\u00e0 David Rumelhart, tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft, \u201cn\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tinh tinh th\u00edch h\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00edch ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i\u201d trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean quan. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01a1-ron ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ctinh tinh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t\u201d; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau – c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n, linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00fa t\u00ednh, th\u00f4ng minh, hoang d\u00e3, v.v. – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u201ctinh tinh\u201d v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u201c con kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t.” T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m: tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t hay tinh tinh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, San Diego, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi Joanne, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh); sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Cambridge, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon, \u1edf Pittsburgh, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh. Anh nhanh ch\u00f3ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi Rosalind Zalin, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. T\u1ea1i Carnegie Mellon, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Terrence Sejnowski, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u00e1y Boltzmann. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo Ludwig Boltzmann, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Hinton v\u00e0 Sejnowski \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 M\u00e1y Boltzmann cho t\u00f4i. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cGi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i d\u1ea1o. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i – \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 – v\u00e0 th\u1edf d\u00e0i. Anh \u1ea5y lo l\u1eafng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1eeba b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u201cKh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.\u201d Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, anh \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m theo. (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Khan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u M\u00e1y Boltzmann l\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng: m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t\u2014l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y r\u1eadm, m\u1eaft xanh, m\u0169i v\u1eb9o, m\u00f4i m\u1ecfng, tai to, v.v. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ec3 B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. M\u00e1y Boltzmann c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh tivi, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u2014\u201cth\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ee7\u201d\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00fang. Khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c. Khi ng\u1ee7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt tao nh\u00e3: theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xa sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i cho n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai – n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ”b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc” gi\u00fap em b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129!\u201d
Phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Kit Fraser, Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Hinton v\u00e0 Sejnowski \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 M\u00e1y Boltzmann trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u0103m 1983. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc cao h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: ‘T\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y – h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n'” Yann LeCun n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i . V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Yoshua Bengio, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Mila, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n AI \u1edf Quebec, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o M\u00e1y Boltzmann \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u00e1n th\u1ea1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh . \u201cGeoff l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i,\u201d anh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i. \u201cV\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ‘\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.’ \u201d Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n M\u00e1y Boltzmann c\u1ee7a Bengio hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n Hinton mong \u0111\u1ee3i; Bengio ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u1edbi t\u00ecm ra l\u00fd do. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quen thu\u1ed9c. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Bengio nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201cPh\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u00e0 xem m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec Rosalind gh\u00e9t Ronald Reagan n\u00ean h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn nu\u00f4i hai \u0111\u1ee9a con, m\u1ed9t trai v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Hinton n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a lu\u00f4n t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosalind \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n khi sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. \u201cN\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean lo\u00e3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d Anh ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, Rosalind t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edfi; sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u1edf Canada v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u0129. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i u th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. C\u00f4 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Hinton b\u00e1n c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0103n m\u1edbi. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ranh gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3,\u201d anh nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, nheo m\u1eaft v\u00ec c\u01a1n \u0111au m\u1edbi. \u201cT\u00f4i n\u00f3i: ‘Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n nh\u00e0. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu anh ch\u1ebft, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ch\u00fang n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i.’ \u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosalind tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Canada v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n ngay. C\u00f4 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4 m\u1ea5t, v\u00ec c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, c\u00f4 lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd s\u1edbm kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, Hinton d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p – anh \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Khi Rosalind qua \u0111\u1eddi, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 46 tu\u1ed5i, con trai \u00f4ng l\u00ean 5 v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i l\u00ean 3. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft,\u201d anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfng s\u00f3ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp gi\u1eefa bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng. N\u1eafng v\u00e0ng gay g\u1eaft tr\u00e0n qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u00ednh su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng; nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ec7n m\u1edd tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, in b\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Hinton \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y,\u201d anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 kho. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, Hinton l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u01b0a m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cRosemary n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4i ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay hay th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e1i thuy\u1ec1n ch\u01b0a?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng,\u201d t\u00f4i n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kaki, anh \u1ea5y \u0111eo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o cho b\u1ea1n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef V v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton b\u0103ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i c\u00e2y m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y xem c\u00f3 r\u1eafn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y tuy\u1ebft t\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e1, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd cao t\u1edbi 20 feet; Hinton nh\u00ecn l\u00ean xem n\u00f3 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00eang. Anh \u1ea5y th\u00e1o c\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef V. Sau \u0111\u00f3 anh \u1ea5y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00f4i. Anh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cV\u00ec c\u00e2y nghi\u00eang ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1ebft c\u1eaft n\u00ean ch\u1eef V s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton im l\u1eb7ng c\u01b0a m\u00e1y, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i lau tr\u00e1n. Tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, mu\u1ed7i bu \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ecdi ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch r\u00e2m m\u00e1t. T\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00eda b\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kho, n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nh\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Cu\u1ed1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Hinton mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3: m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau d\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tr\u0169ng thoai tho\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i c\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, anh ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, anh ta di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ebft c\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e2y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc entropic. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. C\u00e1i c\u00e2y ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, \u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y h\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch M\u00e1y Boltzmann. \u00d4ng hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u201cN\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt,\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201cN\u1ebfu t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi Boltzmann Machines ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong ch\u00fang. LeCun n\u00f3i: \u201cGeoff v\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 M\u00e1y Boltzmann. \u201cGeoff cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. N\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u201d \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, LeCun n\u00f3i, \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 backprop si\u00eau s\u1ea1ch.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBackprop,\u201d hay lan truy\u1ec1n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi Hinton \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Sejnowski tr\u00ean M\u00e1y Boltzmann, anh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Rumelhart v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, Ronald Williams, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. H\u1ecd nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u backprop l\u00e0 h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p Kafkaesque. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft. Trong vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh \u0111en t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 backprop di\u1ec5n ra, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 sai v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00f3m \u0111i sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo, ba b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m vi\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin sai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u2013 cha m\u1eb9, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, v.v. \u2013 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00f4ng tin sai v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 tay l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra sau \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng qu\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng tin sai v\u1ec1 ai v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cx\u1ea5u\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u00edt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ct\u1ed1t\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft – kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p – n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1986, Hinton, Rumelhart v\u00e0 Williams xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o d\u00e0i ba trang tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh. H\u1ecd l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng backprop, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Boltzmann Machine, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d: kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tua l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng backprop v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n kinh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00e3o. Trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o th\u1ef1c, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u201cc\u1ed9t\u201d t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng backprop. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cc\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u201d. M\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 v\u00e0 60, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi Perceptron v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c; s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i suy y\u1ebfu trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u1ea5y backprop l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi backprop th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. \u201cT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam?\u201d Hinton nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i. \u201cC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u.\u201d V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh r\u1ea5t b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201ctrang b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c\u201d, m\u1ea1ng ghi nh\u1edb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y: c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kia, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1eadp h\u1ee3p\u201d (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1nh) ho\u1eb7c \u201cd\u1eebng s\u1edbm\u201d (\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u). H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng M\u00e1y Boltzmann, cho n\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng backprop l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u201cki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: m\u1ea1ng \u201ct\u00e1i ph\u00e1t\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00edch ch\u1eadp\u201d cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh tinh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u1ecd xoay kh\u1ed1i Rubik theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. \u201cT\u00f4i lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin – n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i.\u201d B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi; do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Anh \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua backprop, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang sai v\u00e0 sai \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 \u201c7\u201d vi\u1ebft tay v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u201c1\u201d ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa ch\u00f3 tha m\u1ed3i v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 s\u0103n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. LeCun v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft tay m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc M\u00e3 Zip m\u1eabu do B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 cung c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Fei Fei Li, \u1edf Stanford, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn mang t\u00ean ImageNet; \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp h\u01a1n 14 tri\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh 20 ngh\u00ecn danh m\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u201cN\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t,\u201d anh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201cH\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 slide v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ‘\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Rubens, kia l\u00e0 van Gogh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 William Blake.’ Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, ‘\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Titian, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Titian \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng Raphael, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Titian.’ \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c.\u201d Trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u201cAnh ta c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u00e0u Q v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a cho t\u00e0u L!\u201d
Phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Lars Kenseth, Ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Rosalind, Hinton k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Jacqueline Ford, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 anh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb9n h\u00f2 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3. Jackie l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u1ea5m \u00e1p, t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a em r\u1ed3i,\u201d em g\u00e1i anh n\u00f3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Jackie \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Anh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Toronto. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1997 – sinh nh\u1eadt l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 50 c\u1ee7a Hinton. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t y\u00eau qu\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Anh v\u00e0 Jackie b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Georgian. Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, anh nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc ca n\u00f4 trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch. \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong r\u1eebng, l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t \u2013 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 xung quanh \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng Jackie v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u n\u00f3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tr\u1ebb.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u201cTh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7,\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 M\u00e1y Boltzmann, \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, khi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a backprop tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i, Hinton n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc t\u00ean l\u00e0 James Lighthill \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. Lighthill k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady – \u201cv\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i, \u201cn\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra, r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhanh h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n.\u201d Hinton l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1ea7u. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, anh ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu anh \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong AI, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, khi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, Hinton, Bengio v\u00e0 LeCun b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u1ecdc s\u00e2u\u201d. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012, khi Hinton, Alex Krizhevsky v\u00e0 Ilya Sutskever cho ra m\u1eaft AlexNet, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh t\u00e1m l\u1edbp m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ImageNet v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hinton th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty v\u1edbi Krizhevsky v\u00e0 Sutskever v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 cho Google. Anh \u1ea5y v\u00e0 Jackie \u0111\u00e3 mua h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Georgian\u2014\u201cm\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai n\u0103m sau, Jackie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ee5y. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Hinton n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 ‘T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfc cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft t\u00f4i n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.’ \u201d C\u00f4 v\u00e0 Hinton nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai n\u0103m l\u00ean ba n\u0103m. Trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, khi c\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 leo c\u1ea7u thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u1ecf nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 tr\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng hai xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t, n\u01a1i anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng n\u00f3 trong l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng. (\u201cL\u1ebd ra t\u00f4i n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng l\u00ean l\u1ea7u,\u201d anh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Hinton khi anh \u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i xem nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Jackie tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y. Trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p ng\u00e0y c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f4 v\u00e0 Hinton \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a anh trong ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, trao nhau l\u1eddi th\u1ec1. Hinton tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i; Jackie n\u1eafm nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t tay anh trong c\u1ea3 hai tay c\u00f4. Trong m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y cho t\u00f4i xem, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc ca n\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111ang ch\u00e8o tr\u00ean l\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m g\u1ea7n b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 2017,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. Jackie qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m sau. Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Hinton, Bengio v\u00e0 LeCun \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Turing – t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u201d anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3. \u201cN\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u0169i ai \u0111\u00f3. \u00dd t\u00f4i l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n – n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 – t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u0169i anh ta. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i ‘T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn’, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, ‘T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hung h\u0103ng’. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u201cAI \u0111\u00e1ng th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o hai m\u00e1y quay TV v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay robot \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i, tr\u1ea3i tr\u00ean b\u00e0n, th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c bit n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00fang. V\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u00f3 l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 k\u00eau l\u00ean!, r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ra b\u00e0n. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i n\u00ean anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp ch\u00fang.\u201d C\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i y\u00eau ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3,\u201d anh n\u00f3i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh. \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n l\u1eb7n v\u00e0 Hinton b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Anh \u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y k\u00ednh l\u00ean s\u1ed1ng m\u0169i. Anh v\u01b0\u01a1n vai, quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Roz v\u00e0 Jackie v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn AI. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi AI l\u00e0 ‘Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y’. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 ‘L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf n\u00f3?’ \u201dNh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh th\u1edf d\u00e0i. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129, L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

AI s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch hay nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh GPT c\u1ee7a OpenAI gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o sinh h\u1ecdc. AI ng\u00e0y nay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc \u1edf nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra Turing\u2014ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Alan Turing, cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tab tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3u suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u suy ngh\u0129 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Google, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 duy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o. Trong AI ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1; c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh. Hinton \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi,\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c con chip s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u00e1y n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c; m\u1ed7i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. \u201cCh\u00fang s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ecdc,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng megawatt l\u00ean 30 watt.\u201d Khi n\u00f3i, anh \u1ea5y nghi\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft anh \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o t\u00f4i; T\u00f4i tho\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Hinton. V\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i AI thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00ean \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n sinh t\u1eed\u201d. \u201cCh\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cTrong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00ecnh y\u00eau t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u201d Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: v\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9t y\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc, AI ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u201cn\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trong tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u201cn\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y c\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. M\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, sau \u0111\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d \u00d4ng n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fang ta n\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c danh t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n? Trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi GPT l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn\u201d \u2014 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201csuy ngh\u0129\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u2014’suy ngh\u0129’, ‘bi\u1ebft’, ‘hi\u1ec3u’, ‘quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh’, v.v.,” Bengio n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p lo\u1ea1i suy gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ‘tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng’, ‘s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd’, ‘l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch’, ‘tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c’ \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.\u201d Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Bengio, \u201cph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ‘tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c’ c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.” Tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u00fd tr\u00ed h\u01a1n tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng Hinton tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. \u201cTrong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y suy lu\u1eadn,\u201d anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi sai cho ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 AI hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7: n\u00f3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. LeCun n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e1i xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 trong 20 gi\u1edd luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00e0o\u201d. \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con m\u00e8o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh k\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 l\u00e1i\u201d\u2014v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cl\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. \u201d LeCun cho bi\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u201cs\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: n\u1ebfu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a AI, tuy c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n an \u1ee7i, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi ni\u1ec1m tin phi l\u00fd v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chatbot AI \u201cg\u00e2y \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c\u201d b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3. \u201cCh\u00fang ta n\u00ean n\u00f3i ‘t\u00e1n t\u1ec9nh’,” anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201c ‘\u1ea2o gi\u00e1c’ l\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c quan\u2014\u1ea3o gi\u00e1c th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c kh\u1ee9u gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecba ra chuy\u1ec7n th\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t.\u201d \u00d4ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a John Dean, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Richard Nixon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Watergate tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \u00e2m. Dean b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec. \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. \u201cAnh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00ecnh. Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch nh\u1ecf. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecba ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1ng chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ChatGPT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u anh c\u00f3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng. Anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng. (G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn\u2014\u201cm\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n\u201d\u2014c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1edbi b\u00e0i \u201cNon, Je Ne Regrette Rien\u201d c\u1ee7a Edith Piaf.) Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng; ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng AI th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh n\u00ean \u00f4ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3. \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vladimir Putin t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao cho n\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt – qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang – nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho n\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3. \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t chung gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0: l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t? V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u201d (\u00d4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Trump c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm \u0110i\u1ec7n Capitol b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Hinton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 AI,\u201d LeCun n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00fang sao cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, \u201cC\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng minh th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0ng mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh – n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn testosterone.\u201d T\u00f4i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng con nh\u1ec7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang che ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Hinton nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb\u2014nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u1eadp trung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng \u201cmu\u1ed1n\u201d l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Hinton ho\u1eb7c LeCun c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e1i ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft AI s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng r\u00fat ph\u00edch c\u1eafm ra nh\u1ec9?\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Hinton v\u1ec1 AI n\u00f3i chung. \u201c\u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 l\u00fd khi n\u00f3i, Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y – n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cGi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. L\u1ebd ra ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m.\u201d Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, \u201cNh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1edfi v\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, AI v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc\u2014v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00f4ng qua v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i k\u00fd m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3 trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?” T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. \u201cS\u1ebd th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, n\u01a1i ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn xem, ch\u00fang ta ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y carbon ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf carbon dioxide kh\u1ecfi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton \u0111ang m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0u xanh lam. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1edbi b\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n Rosemary. \u201cC\u00f4 \u1ea5y mang \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!\u201d Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda, t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. Trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn, chi\u1ebfc ca n\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh n\u1eafng vu\u1ed1t ve. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t, h\u01b0\u1edbng ra m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. T\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00fd tr\u00ed; n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh n\u00f3. N\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 AI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u201cGi\u00e1 v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd mua v\u00e9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d.
Phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Dan Misdea, ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, b\u0103ng qua nh\u00e0 kho v\u00e0 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thang d\u1eabn t\u1edbi b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u, r\u1ed3i leo l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hinton. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong xanh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh th\u1ed5i qua m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hinton \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf tay l\u00e1i. T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c \u0111i qua, ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a AI. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Copernicus, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Promethean\u2014\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp l\u1eeda, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh, b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty hy v\u1ecdng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i AI kh\u00e1c; tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o c\u1ea5m; b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn du thuy\u1ec1n, Hinton \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gi\u00f3, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ebd v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc,\u201d anh n\u00f3i, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00ean b\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i Rosemary \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t l\u00fac sau, Hinton v\u00e0o trong mua m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef cao, m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng, m\u00e1i t\u00f3c d\u00e0i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111ang s\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00f4i t\u1eeb b\u00e3i \u0111\u1eadu xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosemary v\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1eaft tay nhau. R\u1ed3i c\u00f4 \u1ea5y nh\u00ecn qua vai t\u00f4i. Hinton \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00e3i c\u00e2y xanh g\u1ea7n c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, c\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnh c\u00f3 g\u00ec cho t\u00f4i th\u1ebf?\u201d c\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinton gi\u01a1 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn s\u1ecdc \u0111en v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, xo\u1eafn tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00f2 xo. \u201cT\u00f4i t\u1edbi mang qu\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y!\u201d Anh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p. \u201cT\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 trong b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosemary c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 quay sang t\u00f4i. \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y,\u201d c\u00f4 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng vui,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i, quan s\u00e1t con r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i \u0111ang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y,\u201d Hinton n\u00f3i. \u201cCh\u00fang th\u1eadt mong manh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh ta chuy\u1ec3n con r\u1eafn t\u1eeb tay n\u00e0y sang tay kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay ra. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 trong l\u1edbp x\u1ea1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea7y nh\u1ee5a c\u1ee7a con r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u00e3y h\u00edt m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i \u0111i,\u201d anh n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay phi\u00ean nhau. Th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cay n\u1ed3ng, lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnh d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u v\u00e0o \u00e1o r\u1ed3i!\u201d H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh ta!\u201d Hinton gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh ta th\u1ea3 con r\u1eafn xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0o trong c\u1ecf. Anh nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u1edbi v\u1ebb h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u1ed2,\u201d anh n\u00f3i. “\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ef7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[30,31,28,29,27,10],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-news","tag-khoa-hoc-may-tinh","tag-mang-luoi-than-kinh-phuc-tap","tag-rui-ro-va-gioi-han","tag-thay-the-con-nguoi","tag-tim-kiem-tri-thuc","tag-tri-tue-nhan-tao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":449,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/xuhuongai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}